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Evaluation of to Kill a Mockingbird Essay - 1549 Words

The grown up Scout, narrates her retrospective story of one life changing summer, as seen through her eyes, as a six-year-old tomboy. Scout (Mary Badham), her brother Jem, and their summer time friend, Dill, spend their days gallivanting through town, playing with tires as toys, telling exaggerated stories, and challenging each other to approach the dilapidated and gloomy house of the neighborhood â€Å"bogeyman†, a recluse named Boo Radley (Robert Duval), who was rumored to be a vicious and scary creature. The focus on Boo is quickly overshadowed when Scouts widowed Father, lawyer Atticus Finch (Gregory Peck), takes the insurmountable case, of a black man accused of raping a white woman. In a time before desegregation was even a thought, black†¦show more content†¦While, it is true that the children are not interviewed for their opinion on life and are not outwardly expressive of their thoughts, it is no mystery as to how they felt through each life-changing event. T he sentimental and thought-provoking story begins by establishing the nucleus of the film, the Finch Family, lead by the father Atticus Finch, who is the quintessential father, strong, honest, intuitive, and spoke with wisdom; whose character was consistently imparted to his children through small teachings on life as it unfolds. One such example shows Atticus hugging Scout as they swing back and forth on the front porch, He tells her, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. In another scene after being teased at school for her father defending a Negro, Scout questions her father as to why he chose to take the case. He states that if he didnt he would be unable to hold his head up high, or even tell his children what to do anymore. Given the standard of that day, Atticus was risking his reputation and even the safety of his children by defending a black man. These phenomenal displays of impeccable character are so rare that it causes the credibility of the role to come into question; Atticus, at times seems too stoic to beShow MoreRelatedEssay about Getting Kids Excited About Reading Literature770 Words   |  4 Pagesreading the same book, evaluation, projects and exercises can be varied to ensure students feel as though they are making decisions for themselves. If these concepts are applied to the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, its value and relevance can still be clearly seen. Since getting a student excited about the text key to them reading and understanding it, relating the events and characters of the novel to those students is the first step. The overriding theme in Mockingbird is the idea that bothRead MoreTheme Of Nature In To Kill A Mockingbird1394 Words   |  6 PagesOften times, nature and the organic things of life come together to form a representation or symbolic message to life. As shown in To Kill a Mockingbird, nature and various aspects of humanity are associated in the form of a mockingbird. As it relates to the novel, A mockingbird represents a commonality of an understood sin. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is well known, classic novel originally published in 1960. Though the novel was written in a different time span, its plot vividly detailsRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Play Review Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Review Introduction. On the 28th April 2011, I went to see a professional production of To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee at the Blackpool Grand Theatre. The novel To Kill a Mockingbird is set in 1935 in Alabama, a story about innocence, knowledge, prejudice and courage. In the beginning the main character, Scout, starts out to be a very immature child not knowing the prejudice times around her, as the story goes on she gains knowledge of these times byRead MoreKill A Mockingbird : Five Paragraph Analysis1288 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Anderson Zeroski English 9 Honors, Period 3 9 November 2015 To Kill a Mockingbird: Five Paragraph Essay Imagine a place where the verdict of a rape trial stems from racial prejudice rather than the proper evaluation of proven evidence. This is Maycomb, Alabama, the strange, Southern town where Scout and Jem Finch grow up during the 1930s in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. In short, the novel travels a thin line between a light-hearted narrative of the siblings’ childhood withRead MoreLiterary Criticism In To Kill A Mockingbird And A Separate Peace By Harper Lee1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn informed written analysis and evaluation of a piece of work is known as literary criticism, and it is often based on literary theory. One literary theory technique is intertextual criticism, which allows the reader to acknowledge similarities between literature. Throughout Harper Lee’s fictitious novel To Kill A Mockingbird, and the historical fiction novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the authors take advantage of intertextual criticism to identify universal them es and symbols within theirRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird And A Separate Peace By John Knowles1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe informed, written analysis and evaluation of a work of literature is known as literary criticism, which is based on a literary theory. An examples of such a literary theory is intertextual criticism, involving the comparison of two separate novels. Written by Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird is comparable to A Separate Peace by John Knowles. Both novels are fictitious and showcase universal symbols, themes, characters, and numerous other literary devices utilized by authors. Similarities betweenRead MoreArchetypal Criticism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary criticism is informed, written analysis, evaluation of a work of literature based on literary theory. One literary theory is archetypal criticism which discusses reoccurring symbols, themes, and situations that operate on universal scales that are easily recognized and under standable by the reader. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee exhibits archetypal criticism. From the archetypes readers are able to understand the characters better and how their actions move the story alongRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird1133 Words   |  5 PagesScouts Growth In To Kill A Mockingbird In this book, Scouts maturity follows the concept of Blooms Taxonomy, a multi-tiered model of conceptual thinking according to six levels of complexity (Forehand). Scout starts out using only the two bottom layers of this method, knowledge and observation, and comprehension, both which she has had since a very young age. Scout moves up a level in this system when she applies pre-known knowledge and analyzes situations. For instance, when Walter CunninghamRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay3689 Words   |  15 PagesWhat it Means to Kill a Mocking Bird: an in depth analysis of the morals in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Subject: Category 1 Test Session: May 2016 Sami Aranki Diploma Charter Oak High School Word count of essay: 3,384 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract Read MoreAssignment Questions1180 Words   |  5 Pagestoday. B. I planned what to say in a lesson about paragraph coherence in order to explain how to achieve it and to prepare students for a â€Å"coherence† section of an exam. C. I evaluated student performance over a To Kill a Mockingbird ch.1 review. D. I’m teaching To Kill a Mockingbird to at-risk, Caucasian sophomores. E. I taught a mythology lesson about the sections of Hades...carefully comparing/contrasting Hades to Judeo/Christian ideas of Hell. F. I used words to try to persuade my seniors to

Sociolinguistics Project Essay Example For Students

Sociolinguistics Project Essay I recently went home to Alaska for a weekend and decided that it was time I learn how to snowboard, so off I headed to the closest resort to try my luck freeriding the powder (snowboarding on freshly fallen snow just for fun). In a small ski town in Girdwood, Alaska, two hundred young adults were gathered in a confined day lodge at the Alyeska Ski Resort. The air had the foul odor of wet, moldy shoes and my arms and legs still ached from my first attempt to make a run (to go down the course). As I tried to weave my way through the disarrayed chairs, tables, and groups of mingling teenagers, I realized that I could not understand anything they were saying to each other. I quickly found my friend, Adam, and asked him why everyone was talking in a way that I did not understand. The words they used sounded like street-slang sometimes, and at other times, were of such technicality that I could not even guess the meanings. Not only did I want to find out what they were talking about, I also wanted to discover where this jargon came from, what purpose it serves, and if snowboarders are labeled negatively because of it. Adam is nineteen-years-old and has been riding for four-years and fills every spare second of his life sleeping, breathing, and sweating snowboarding. He grew up in Alaska and we have known one another for many years, although we have never been really close friends because throughout high school, we belonged to two different groups. Adam participates in many different, local big-air snowboarding competitions, where he gets judged on how well he can do certain tricks off of jumps. If he does well, then he pulled (executed, did) a flick, sometimes hell even tweak the tricks a little to add more style to them. Adam says that living in Alaska gives him a great opportunity to participate in these events, but for now, snowboarding is just a hobby that fills the cold, short, winter days. He does not try to be a part of the snowboarding sub-culture, he has just naturally become one of its members. Despite the growing number of teenagers that are adding to this past time, Adam and his friends still remain part of a minority in their schools because many people fail to see snowboarding as a true sport. This is one aspect that Adam doesnt like about riding and because of this, they cannot have any real future in it. As Adam put it, We cant get a free ride to ride. There are no scholarships to college, no high school pep rallies, and unless they become good enough to become sponsored by a professional snowboarding company, there are no job opportunities. The only explanation Adam can think of for this is that snowboarders are often labeled as drug-users just as their brother sub-culture, skateboarding, was previously seen in the same way because they often act in similarly. Many of the words that snowboarders use are either named after tricks also seen in skateboarding, such as rail slide and nose bonk, or they are named after people who invent the tricks, such as the Lien Air, named after skateboarder Neil Blender, or the Palmer Air, named after snowboarder Shaun Palmer. Other words or phrases that snowboarders use for things besides just tricks usually incorporate popular slang terms being used by many different groups and the riders own creativity. Many snowboarders watch the same snowboarding videos, and subscribe to the same snowboarding magazines, therefore certain words such as hella, mad, ride, and bust are heard no matter where one goes. Sometimes, a certain phrase in an area will catch on solely because a group of riders will faithfully spread their word around. Adam claims that he was the first in his group to say, for schweez, meaning for sure.I found that upon interviewing him, much of what I learned about the language that he used did not only come from the questions I asked him, but also came from just being around him and his friends and our day of hittin the slopes. After I asked him to explain the snowboarding language to me, he just laughed and convinced me to take the tram up to the top of mountain with him, even though I was far too inexperienced to be riding the top. Dont worry about it girly, just chill and scope our mad steez. Trusting my better judgment, I decided I had better find out what he meant by that before agreeing. He quickly explained to me that if I was to go scope his mad steez, that would mean that Id be watching his friends and him doing a lot technical tricks and jumps, like sticking a sick rodeo seven (720 Air Rotation) or if they do that same trick riding backwards, than they would be riding switch and busting a hakkon flip. If they decide to rotate frontward while they are in the air, then they would be doing the trick frontside, and if they really want to drop a hammer, theyll do they trick inverted, so that they are upside down, or maybe goofy footed, so their riding the snowboard with their right foot forward. As I glanced over my notepad and saw the different words for tricks, I realized just how difficult it would be for my inexperienced eyes to tell the difference between all of them. The Killing Of Mudeye Essay This is definitely beat for you, Jennifer. Dont trip though, well just take our boards off and walk down if you want to. As Adam, his friends, and I made our way down the rocky pass, I realized that on any other day, they would probably be stoked to get a chance to bust some tricks off the rocks, so I felt a little bad that I was keeping them from their fun. Adam was offended that I would even think that they did not have manners, Whats up? Do you think that just because were snowboarders, we arent polite? Just because we dont talk in proper grammar, doesnt mean we arent proper guys. I was quick to agree, but after going over his statement for a while I wondered if others would think the same way. Does speech and word use influence the way society views a group of people? Of course. This can be seen in other sub-cultures such as people in the south talking slow or with a drawl, therefore there are sometimes viewed as lazy or dim-witted or African-American ethnic groups talking in ebonics, therefore they are sometimes thought of as less intelligent. Both of these ethnocentric views are from the truth, yet many people still hold these prejudices, and just as those sub-cultures, it is not any different from viewing snowboarders as druggies or delinquents just because they might use funny sounding words and phrases that other people have not heard before. So even though one might hear a boarder say, In the sticks we bombed the backcountry booter and bombshelled the landing in the cherry cherry pow pow, it doesnt mean they went to the country and did drugs. 1. How long have you been snowboarding?2. Have you realized that snowboarders often have their own lingo? If so, do you and your friends talk alike?3. Why do you think this type of jargon came into being (just for fun/creativity, or purposeful)?4. Has snowboarding been influence by other sub-cultures?5. Do you have any future plans for snowboarding?6. What do you like most or least about it?7. Do you think other people judge you because of how you talk?8.Do you ever confuse the different names of tricks with each other?1. Freeriding the Powder- snowboarding on freshly fallen snow just for fun4. Riding- snowboarding or rider (snowboarder)6. Pulled- executed, did. Also, see bust8. Tweak- to straighten legs to add style to a trick9. Rail Slide- to slide the rails of the snowboard onto almost anything, other than a flat slope10. Nose Bonk- to hit an object with the nose of the snowboard11. Lien Air The front hand grabs the heel edge and the body leans out over the nose. Named after skateboarder Neil Blender. 12. Palmer Air A kind of method where the grab is near the nose, the board is pulled across the front of the body, and the nose is pointed downward. Named after Shaun Palmer.17. Hittin the slopes- snowboarding down the course19. Scope our mad steez- watching technical jumps and tricks 20. Stick- used to describe making a good landing21. 720 Air Rotation (a.k. a. seven)- The snowboarder rotates 720 degrees in the air and lands riding forward. 25. Rodeo- an inverted frontside 54027. Drop the Hammer- perform your best tricks28. Inverted- doing a trick upside down29. Goofy Footed- riding with right foot forward30. Wack- something that is not good. 32. Session- a name for a period of time when one snowboards33. Carving- turning using the edges of the board34. Regular Footed- left foot forward37. Stoked- psyched, to be excited 38. Sketching- riding slowly, almost falling39. Rolling down the windows- being caught off balance and rotating arms in the air to not fall40. Railing- used to describe making fast and hard turns41. Corduroy- freshly groomed trail44. He went to Dudes House- phrase when someone crashed 46. Nose Grab Air- the front hand grabs the nose of the snowboard47. Boning it Out- making a trick look nicer, harder to do48. Crater- used to describe a crash 50. Chocolate-Chippety- rocky terrain51. Beat- used to describe something that is not good53.In the sticks we bombed the backcountry booter and bombshelled the landing in the cherry cherry pow pow- jumped a big jump and left a big crater in the landing in the powderBibliography:

Shampoo Aficionado free essay sample

I am a four-sport varsity athlete, a climber of rigorous terrain, a poet of lyrical ingenuity, a frequent flier in the weight room, a meticulous hunter of wildlife, and a possessor of a full range of traits that safely categorize me as a â€Å"manly† man; this is what my peers know about me. However, what most people do not know is that I have a guilty pleasure – one that is easier smelled than seen. I love shampoo. My passion goes far beyond wanting a clean scalp; I want the whole experience: the fragrance, the lather, the tousle. My flamboyant quest has led me past the norms of Old Spice or Head and Shoulders. Rather, I prefer the rare and exotic blends of strawberry ginseng, the mouthwatering effects of nourishing coconut milk, the luscious and haunting combination of wild violet and pomegranate, the succulence of pink lily and asian silk, the undeniable amalgamation of mandarin creme and pearl, and the audacious blend of lime and cucumber. We will write a custom essay sample on Shampoo Aficionado or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a youngster, I amassed a comprehensive collection of baseball cards. Nowadays, my interests have taken a much more flowery turn. Over time Ive gathered an array of no fewer than 20 bottles of shampoo. No joke. I keep them all safely tucked away on a shelf in my room. They are arranged by shape: tall bottles in back; short bottles up front. Clearly, Im a window shopper. Recently, my mom came to help me move out of my room at school. Astonished by my collection, she inquired, â€Å"What are you doing with all this shampoo?† I logically explained that if a disaster were to occur – such as a flash flood, tornado, or any incident that could leave students stranded – Id be the only one smelling good. For me, â€Å"gee, your hair smells terrific,† is more sentimental than a motto or an outdated shampoo brand from the 70s. Last year, I had the unfortunate circumstance of being kicked in the face while playing soccer. It resulted in a broken jaw, a massive concussion, bleeding on the brain and a med-flight helicopter ride. However, the situation brightened dramatically when a nurse complimented me on my enchanting fragrance. Even after a full day of school and a rigorous soccer match, my hair retained its appealing aroma. My pride had been maintained. So what does all this shampoo say about me? Obviously, Im a pretty clean guy and clearly a shampoo aficionado. But beyond that, when Im into something, Im really into it. Im also not afraid to challenge the standards for a typical guy in terms of hygiene or fragrance. Eager to follow my curiosity, I have taken strolls through gardens of whipped vanilla, a frutopia of acai berries, and even a grove of gardenias. Im never embarrassed when I receive a compliment about my hair feeling soft or smelling good. The way I see it, the perks are many: the sensation of silky hair after shampooing, the frequent comments from women about how nice I smell, the invigorating feeling of a scalp massage. In essence, this fascination with shampoo is a part of who I am, even if it makes me, well, a little different.

The bhagavad gita †Eknath Easwaran

Dharma is one of the most important tenets of the Hindu religion. It is taken from the Bhagavad Gita a body of literature considered as sacred scriptures by the Hindus. Dharma is a term not easily defined.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The bhagavad gita – Eknath Easwaran specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no absolute or clear definition for this term. It is made more complicated by the fact that the Bhagavad Gita talks about it in two different ways. The first one is what can be considered as the orthodox understanding of the term and the second one is a more mystical understanding of dharma. The first one is an accepted philosophy among many Hindus and made evident in the early part of the Bhagavad Gita when it tells of the prelude to war and the justification as to why warriors are willing to fight and die in the battlefield. But in later sections, one can see Krishna talking to Arjuna and he is talking about a different type of dharma. The conflict is the result of the Hindu worldview – that there are two-opposing realities and this necessitates for the creation of two types of dharma. It is important to understand the two opposing dharmas in order to fully appreciate and comprehend the Gita so that Hindus can then use it as a guide to build a better society. There are two types of dharma and each one contradicts the other. There are two points of view. â€Å"First, there is the orthodox Hindu viewpoint that the Gita condones war for the warrior class: it is the dharma, the moral duty, of soldiers to fight in a good cause, though never for evil leaders† (Easwaran, p.75). There is therefore a justification to go to battle. It is acceptable to kill and destroy for the name of the good. But how can one distinguish the good side or the evil side of a conflict? The end goal of the war is for one army to subjugate the opposing side and rule over them. This is carn al and not divine; it opposes the teachings of Krishna. In the case of Arjuna the battle is not to defend their homeland against a foreign invader, but he was urged to fight his relatives. Even the great Mahatma Gandhi had trouble understanding the clear contradiction but he offered his explanation saying that â€Å"To argue that the Gita condones violence, he said, was to give importance only to its opening verses – its preface, so to speak – and ignore the scripture itself† (Easwaran, p.75).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it has to be acknowledged that there indeed exists a contradiction; the Gita has two worldviews one is to espouse the need to do the right thing in order to succeed as a warrior, as a leader, and as an individual with deep-seated needs. But at the same time it also advocates non-violence and the need to seek the religiou s and mystical way as defined by Krishna. The first type of dharma can be described as a set of principles that can help a person understand how build a better society free from strife and turmoil. The second type of dharma is a set of principles that can help a person achieve self-realization and receive the approval of Krishna. This was demonstrated by Krishna himself when he became a mere charioteer in order to be close to Arjuna. Krishna allowed this to happen so that he can continue with his teachings and yet at the same time detached from war. This is the reason why the mystics interpret it as an allegory â€Å"the cosmic struggle between good and evil† (Easwaran, p.75). Arjuna realized there is more to life than riches, fame, and political power. This led Arjuna to cry out, â€Å"O Krishna, I have no desire for victory, or for a kingdom or pleasures† (Easwaran, p.80). Krishna reinforced his teachings by explaining to Arjuna that there is an ultimate purpose: â⠂¬Å"the immortal soul is more important than the passing world† (Easwaran, p.84). Although there is a need to deal with the practical aspects of life, there is a higher way, the spiritual way, and Krishna urged Arjuna to desire the way of the mystics. However, this is a problem if viewed from the orthodox understanding of dharma because no one would defend their homeland if needed and no one will do the right thing when duty calls for action that may lead to war or offend other people especially evildoers. The conflict and the contradiction is the result of the Hindu worldview for they always see the yin and the yang, the black and the white of everything. They always see dualities: good and evil; pain and pleasure. In this regard, dharma is seen as two sources of support (Easwaran, p.275). The first one is dependency on the external world, food, home, wealth, power, pleasure etc. The second one is dependency on the Self alone (Easwaran, p.275). This is the reason why Krishna urged Arjuna to fight and yet at the same time not fight. Arjuna has to fight for what is right but at the same time he must realize that violence will never be the permanent solution to life’s problems. He must learn to understand the implication of the second type of dharma.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The bhagavad gita – Eknath Easwaran specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is indeed a conflict because human beings must respond to his needs and the needs of his family, relatives, and friends. If there is a just cause for war then he must do everything in his power to defend country and loved ones. It is his dharma to go to the battle field and win the war for good. On the other hand, his chief dharma is to attain self-realization, a religious enlightenment that only Krishna can bring. This is possible if Arjuna is willing to let go of the external aspects of life such as fame, wealth, and p olitical power. As Krishna would say: â€Å"When you keep thinking about sense objects, attachment comes †¦ breeds desire, the lust of possession that burns to anger† (Easwaran, p.87). It is therefore important to focus on the self and then to Krishna. Yet still, it vacillates between two options that is why there are two forms of dharma. On the other hand there is also a need to observe the orthodox way of understanding dharma. Without it society will crumble. The policeman should be allowed to use force to apprehend violent criminals. If they are forbidden to do it so because of their religious aspirations then there would be chaos in the land. It would then be difficult for them to pursue what the Bhagavad Gita tells them to do. This is an impossible scenario therefore it is not practical to simply accept everything that Krishna said to Arjuna. Those who support Krishna may argue blindly that their god tells of the truth and yet even the Bhagavad Gita says in the intr oductory chapters that there is such a thing as a just war (Easwaran, p.71). If a just war is accept in accordance to the orthodox view then this means that men are allowed to fight each other and that they are allowed to use tools and weapons to destroy the other. There is no such thing as a good war for there will always be casualties. There will surely be the destruction of properties and there will be the loss of life and anguish on the part of the vanquished and yet the Bhagavad Gita supports the practical aspect of dharma urging leaders and soldiers and common people to do the right thing in order to cause good on the earth. Krishna however will say that there is no good apart from him. These two opposing point of views must be blended together. It is impossible to follow completely the teachings of Krishna because it would require everyone to stay home and not venture into the secular realm and become active in trade, in transportation, in healthcare, and in national security . If this is the mindset of everyone then the whole world will come to ruin, children will go hungry, and the whole social structure would breakdown and social progress would be impossible.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The two types of dharma prescribed in the Bhagavad Gita contradicts each other. There seems no way to reconcile. The orthodox way tells of duties and obligations that one must observe. The Krishna way on the other hand condemns the desires of the flesh and with it the desire for anything that is temporal. Even the Bhagavad Gita contradicts Krishna because it also supports the idea that political leaders must have the capability to use their power, their army and their weapons to enforce the rule of law. It is therefore important to understand the two opposing dharmas in order to fully appreciate and comprehend the Gita. As a result Hindus can then use it as a guide to build a better society. Bibliography Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. CA: The Blue Mountain Center for Meditation, 2007. This essay on The bhagavad gita – Eknath Easwaran was written and submitted by user Jaylah Conley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Basics of Technical Writing

The Basics of Technical Writing Technical writing is simply a form of writing for one to get technical information across to others. Many technical fields find it necessary for their people to have the basics of technical writing down pat, since the best people to explain how a system wor. Knowing the basics to technical writing is essential if one hopes to have a future in a highly technological field. Many of your technical personnel tend to think and speak in highly specialized language that is specific to their certain field. One of the basics to technical writing would be to learn the ability to translate these technical terms into a report form with language that will be simple for the general audience to comprehend. It is highly advisable for everyone who aspires to go into a specific technological field to at least take a course teaching the basics to technical writing. This simple knowledge will carry this individual higher within the ranks of their chosen profession, since solid communication skills are a necessity in the corporate worlds. Another of the basics to technical writing is to communicate with a clear understanding of the purpose of the writing. The intent of this paper needs to be clearly stated, riight up front, and . What is the writer trying to convey to the audience? Understanding this simple point is the biggest basics to technical writing that one can begin with. Some of the basics to technical writing will tell you to make sure your research paper outlines the results, shows new information gained from the results and states the significance of the results. In this section, try outlining what makes your proejc The proper structure of this type of paper is important to the basics of technical writing. One should do a brief abstract then a very short introduction that brings up the problem and it’s solution. A very important basic step in technical writing includes making sure the writing is clearly stated in language that anyone unrelated to the field can understand. In learning basics to technical writing, one will find that it is important to include any previous works that may be relevant to your paper. In writing the main body of a technical paper, a few illustrations are usually advisable. These figures tend to lend themselves to making the stated comments more understandable. Basics to technical writing advise that figures and statements together works well for the readers. Again, make sure the terminology is clear and understandable to one who may not be familiar with this particular field. Close your paper with a description or explanation of the end results from the experiment or study. Providing details is one of the basics to technical writing. If you expect your paper to be out on the internet then make sure you include a good descriptive title pertaining to your subject. If you do this properly your paper will appear very high on specific search engine queries. Having a couple of readers proofread your paper before presentation is a very good idea. Have one person who is very technological as yourself and another who is just your basic reader curious about the field that you are writing about. If both individuals can understand and make perfect sense of your paper then it’s ready to be presented. If you can master just the basics to technical writing then you’ll be well on your way to creating interesting and informative papers.

Programming with Alice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Programming with Alice - Assignment Example Alice does not have primitive methods to perform front left leg up and front left leg down. It is therefore required that the code for this movement be designed. Elegant design requires that methods are kept from being too large. To maintain a small size for the methods, additional methods are added to do the small tasks. The following is done A loop is implemented at the point where the mouse takes a step ahead of the mouse. This loop ensures that whenever the mouse takes a step the cat takes another step of the same magnitude so that the mouse is always one step ahead of the cat. The next step is transforming the storyboard into program code. The first action of the storyboard is the mouse turns to see the cat. The first method is therefore turn to face. We use the turn to face to make the mouse turn to look in the direction of the cat. The next step is the cat taking one step away from the cat. We use the move away method. Alice contains control statements that are vital in controlling movements. In the cat chase program the cat moves away from the cat while the cat moves towards the mouse. The control statement Do in order is used to tell Alice to first make the cat look at the mouse and the mouse move away from the cat. Other actions must be done together. When the front right leg is up for example, the front left leg must be held down. To achieve this functionality Alice is told to Do this actions together through the DO together control statement. To implement this program into Alice a scene must first be created. The initial scene is a room (Farooq, 2012). The intention of the cat is to catch the mouse. It should follow it while the mouse should always be one step ahead of the cat. We select the room scene and then a cat and a mouse. The next stage is in the program code editor. The code that makes the program is written. In Alice the program code editor is at the bottom right of the main window. The instructions are edited in the area

Study of the research and other relevant literature relating to the Essay

Study of the research and other relevant literature relating to the impact of childhood sexual abuse on women survivors - Essay Example In this context, child sexual abuse (CSA) has been considered as one of the worst experiences in a person’s life as its effects are very likely to last for a long time while the responsible adult has little chances to be caught and penalized in accordance with the existing law. This paper tries to present the most characteristic views of the literature as well as of the empirical research regarding the CSA. Although the forms and the results of this action can have many aspects (see Appendix I) in fact there are certain standards regarding the conditions and the effects related with this action so that their presentation can cover most of the cases having similar characteristics. Childhood sexual abuse can be defined as any exposure to sexual acts imposed on children who inherently lack the emotional, maturational, and cognitive development to understand or to consent to such acts. These acts do not always involve sexual intercourse or physical force; rather, they involve manipulation and trickery. Authority and power enable the perpetrator to coerce the child into compliance (Hendricks-Matthews 1997). Characteristics and motivations of perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse vary: some may act out sexually to exert dominance over another individual; others may initiate the abuse for their own sexual gratification (Britton et al. 1997). Holz (1994) has broadly defined childhood sexual abuse as, â€Å"any sexual activity between a child less than age 18 and a person of power, usually two or more years older, and who has authority over the child† (p. 13). CSA has been further differentiated into incest and extra-familial abuse. The abuse is incestual if it is perpetrated by a consanguineous (â€Å"blood†) relative, a relative by marriage, or a person who functions in the role of a family member (Courtois, 1993; Flournoy, 1996; Holz, 1994). Extra-familial abuse is usually perpetrated by parental or

Comparing the scientific method and the engineering method of problem Essay

Comparing the scientific method and the engineering method of problem solving - Essay Example Conversely, engineering is based on the tenets of coming up with new inventions that have not been in existence before. However, it is worthwhile noting that both scientific and engineering approaches may be integrated to solve a problem. Nevertheless, the need to create better understanding necessitates a comparison of scientific and engineering approaches in relation to problem solving. Due to objective differences, science and engineering follow different processes in coming up with solutions. A scientific approach begins with a question seeking answers to a particular phenomenon. This is then followed by a background research on the various studies related to the phenomenon at hand. The background research may touch on directly related studies considered to be standard or accurate. As such, a scientist is able to identify loop holes, if any, in the current studies giving guidance on the particular problem at hand. However, more importantly is that a background research enables formulation of an appropriate hypothesis. The hypothesis purports to offer a better explanation compared to already existing ones in relation to given problems. As such, before advancing further, the proposed hypothesis must first be tested against the existing ones. This implies that a new proposition must explain a phenomenon that has not been explained by the already existing ones. A valid proposed hypothesis is then subjected to a number of tests to prove its workability and validate its predictions. If the proposed hypothesis shows the predicted results, it is accepted and adopted as the new best hypothesis giving a solution to the particular problem in play. However, if a hypothesis arrives at already known phenomena it only increases credibility of already existing hypothesis rather than replacing them. Conversely, if a hypothesis fails to meet the predicted threshold, it is rejected. However, a hypothesis normally undergoes a couple of experiments to eliminate room for error.

The Critical Legal Studies Movement

The Critical Legal Studies Movement The Critical Legal Studies (CLS) movement came to the fore in the United States (US) in the 1970s. This movement is a body of like-minded thinkers who claim to attack the virtues that they say are proclaimed by the liberal legal system. It is a radical theoretical movement which rejects the distinction between law and politics and the notion that law can be neutral and value free. The movement proposes the integration of law and social theory. Since the Critical Legal Studies movement is relatively new, its value as a theory of law is still being assessed, but despite its continual development it has given much of interest to thinking about the law. Indeed, like other sceptical theories it may undermine the coherent world of law which legal academics and practitioners tend to portray. In Britain, the Critical Legal Conference was formed in 1984.  [1]   Although CLS has been largely a US movement, it was influenced to a great extent by European philosophers, such as nineteenth-century German social theorists Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Max Weber; Max Horkheimer and Harberd Marcuse of the Frankfrut School German social philosophy; the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci; and poststructuralist French thinkers Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, representing respectively fields of history and literary theory. CLS has borrowed heavily from legal realism, the school of legal thought that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. Like CLS scholars, legal realists rebelled against accepted legal theories of the day and urged more attention to the social context of the law. Among noted CLS scholars Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Robert W. Gordon, Mark Kelman, Peter Gabel, Morton J. Horwitz, Dunkan Kennedy and Katherine A. Mackinnon.  [2]   The founders of CLS found a yawning absence at the level of theory, fundamentally convinced that law and politics could not be separated. How could law be so tilted to favour the powerful, given the prevailing explanations of law as either democratically chosen or the result of impartial judicial reasoning from neutral principles? Yet how could law be a tool for social change, in the face of Marxist explanations of law as mere epiphenomenal outgrowths of the interests of the powerful? CLS scholars have influenced try to explain both why legal principles and doctrines do not yield determinate answers to specific disputes and how legal decisions reflect cultural and political values that shift over time. They focused from the start on the ways that law contributed to illegitimate social hierarchies, producing domination of women by men, nonwhites by whites, and the poor by the wealthy. They claim that apparently neutral language and institutions, operated through law, mask relationship s of power and control. The emphasis on individualism within the law similarly hides patterns of power relationships while making it more difficult to summon up a sense of community and human interconnection. Joining in their assault on these dimensions of law, CLS scholars have differed considerably in their particular methods and views.  [3]   One of the characteristic of CSL is that it has been rejected formalism. Formalism has tended to be the fall back position of liberal legal thinking when forced to confront the question: how can a legal system give the kinds of neutral decisions expected of it. Formalists, as CLS characterise them,  [4]  circumvent this problem by insisting that the judge is not imposing his or anyone elses values but merely interpreting the words of the law. By separating core and penumbra Hart could be taken to admit the problem by his indulgence that the judge had to have recourse to discretion in interpreting the penumbra of legal rules. CLS theorists also share the related view that the law is indeterminate. They have shown that using standard legal arguments, it is possible to reach sharply contrasting conclusions in individual cases. The conclusions reached in any case will have more to do with the social context in which they are argued and decided than with any overarching scheme of legal reasoning. Moreover, CLS scholars argue that the esoteric and convoluted nature of legal reasoning actually screens the laws indeterminacy. They have used the ideas of deconstruction to explore the ways in which legal texts are open to multiple interpretations. The CLS thesis refutes the claim that traditional legal scholarship produces rules and principles of law which guide human behaviour. Both legal formalism and positivism, which look upon law as a system of rules which are rationally made, are repudiated. Traditional legal scholarship treats the law as objective and neutral. The CLS claims that law can not be objective because human and social realities always manifest themselves in the legal discourses. Roberto Mangabeira Unger, who teaches at Harvard Law School and is widely regarded as the intellectual leader of the movement, now offers the public a short manifesto he describes as more a proposal than a description. It is an ambitious and impressive undertaking. It also defies summation. It is a carefully crafted statement with ideas interlocked like a chain-link fence that stretches as far as the eye can see. And the full purport of his message can only be appreciated by an attentive reading. Even so, five themes seem central to his argument. There were two distinct stages in the role of law in western societies before the modern era. First it served to establish and defend social hierarchies and social class divisions. Toward the end of the 18th century, however, it was put to the revolutionary task of protecting rights of individuals irrespective of their social rank or class. In this country the founding fathers relied on democracy (created by our public law, the Constitution) and the market (fostered by private law, notably contract) to give form and limits to those rights.  [5]   By the 20th century the context in which American law operated had drastically changed. Social arrangements sanctioned by law had come to include an array of hierarchies of economic power and pernicious social distinctions protected as rights by the very legal system created to establish individual freedom and equality. The politics of democracy and the blind forces of the market proved woefully inadequate to govern a society increasingly dominated by modern science and technology. Hence there is a compelling need to restructure our social order to make it compatible with freedom and equality. The way to accomplish this reconstruction, according to Roberto M. Unger, is not through classical revolution of the kind Marx advocated, brought about by an alliance between disaffected elites and the downtrodden. Rather law must be reinvented to give it a revolutionary new purpose: to lead the dismantling of the various hierarchies of power and privilege that through perversions of the legal process have come to threaten the higher values of our society.  [6]  Of property law, he says that it has its own inbuilt legal market which is a constitutional interest with its own legal structure in a democracy. According to him, the situation is fraught with ambiguity and indeterminacy, because of the abstract nature of the concept of rights. With respect to contract law, Unger explains that contract law allows freedom to contract, but that this is promptly contradicted by other principles which say that people can only bind themselves in contract for what the law allows. Unger present s an argument on formalism which states that every doctrine relies on some view of human associations which are right and realistic in social life. The lawyer needs a theory as his guiding vision, which prevents him from seeing legal reasoning as a game of analogies. To Unger, reliance on analogies leads to analogy-mongering, and this must stop. He claims that this received wisdom is challengeable as wrong, and to do this one should rely on a normative theory of a branch of law supplied by the CLS. This is Ungers deviation doctrine, which embellishes the CLSs nihilistic view of law. Mark G. Kelman examines the importance to criminal law of the stage that precedes legal analysis. His argument is that legal argument has two phases: interpretive construction and rational rhetoricism, and that the former, a vital step which undercuts the authority of the latter, goes virtually unexamined.  [7]  For example, the result of a case may depend on weather the defendants act is set in a board or narrow time frame. This issue has come to a head with a series of cases where battered women have murdered their husbands and the scope of the provocation defence has been tested.  [8]  If a broad time frame as been used she may have defences of provocation, even self-defence; in a narrow time frame she has committed murder. There is no meta-theory to determine the appropriate time frame; the decision accordingly is unreasonable. There are some techniques which the CLS have deployed in analyzing legal texts, namely Trashing, Deconstruction, Genealogy, etc. Leading CLS scholar Mark G. Kelman defends trashing against mainstream academic critics, claiming that the discrediting of accepted legal argument is good According to him the most frequently recurring theme in the attacks on our technique, the more-or-less hysterical counter-Revolution against Trashing. It is abundantly apparent that the vast preponderance of mainstream American legal academics were told (repeatedly) by their moms and dads, If you dont have anything nice or constructive to say, say nothing at all.  [9]   Again he stated that law-and-economics studies of private law rules have not actually analyzed the concrete implications of rule choices on particular occasions, pretensions of policy relevance to the contrary. Instead, they have again and again simply derived apologies for existing arrangements from a highly general and theoretical economic vision. There are two politically central insights of mainstream private law and economics scholarship: (1) In situations involving strangres (where markets cannot work because of transaction costs), proper legal rules that establish implicit fees for harming others can be applied to concrete cases so that parties who interact to create a joint cost will take all cost-justified, damage-averting precautions; and (2) in situations involving those in contractual relationships, competitive markets function in such a way that buyers inevitably get whatever they desire at the lowest possible price a [*308] price that is the sum of the production cost of the desired good and a normal profit sufficient to prevent industry exit. One goal, if not an inevitable effect, of trashing is to destabilize a variety of theoretical world views (and thus, one would hope, related [*328] commonsense world views) that imply the beneficence or inexorability of social life as we see it. Of course, asserting that there must be a causal connection between the high-level apologetics of the intelligentsia and the everyday mediating political ideals that help us organize and make sense of daily interactions would be patently ridiculous. But one can discern at least a close family resemblance between elaborate, mandarin apologetics and the more ordinary, complacency-inducing, commonsensical bits of wisdom without straining credulity.  [10]   According to Robert Gordon Decontruction is one of the CLS techniques best work is a familiar work kind of left-wing scholarship, unmasking the often unconscious ideological bias behind legal structures and procedures, which regularly makes it easy for business groups to organise collectively to pursue their economic and political interests but which makes it much more difficult for labour, poor people, civil rights groups to pursue theirs.  [11]   CLS claims that mainstream legal thought acts to reify; it does this by translating social practices into things. For example, the relation between employer and employee brings about a range of consequences and expectations for both parties. The terms confirm or foster an implicit hierarchy; both employer and employee will expect the latter to follow instructions and generally defer to the former. Another way to heighten awareness of the transitory, problematic, and manipulable ways legal discourses divide the world is to write their history under the Genealogy technique. Some critics charge that CLS work hampers progressive political movements by challenging the idea of the subject and human agency. Others view CLS work as unimportant or failing because of inadequate development of specific policies, strategies, or constructive direction. CLS is faulted for implying that simply changing how people think about law will change power relationships or constraints on social change, although a fair reading indicates that Crits simply treat changes in thought as a necessary but insufficient step for social change. Feminists and Critical Race Theorists object that conventional critical legal studies employ a critique of rights that neglects the concrete role of rights talk in the mobilization of oppressed and disadvantaged people. Robert Gordon has responded with a warning that even such mobilization efforts must be done with an experimental air and full knowledge that there are no deeper logics of historical necessity that can guarantee that what we do now will be justified later. Total Word Count: 2110.

Nuclear Weopons testing Essay -- essays research papers

In their effort to create a bomb that would assure destruction of enemies, the world super powers of this century have created a legacy that could presumably destroy the entire world as we know it (Schull 6). During the course of the last fifty years, nuclear weapons have continually become an increasingly detrimental threat to our own health and environment. Consequently, laws have been proposed and bills have been signed to end this senseless build-up of arsenal and testing of havoc-causing atomic was instruments. Unfortunately, enforcing such rules worldwide has proven itself to be remarkably difficult and world allies have had to use extreme caution when dealing with any and all emerging threats. In the early days of nuclear weapons production, of course, not all safety hazards were fully appreciated,and possible threats to the environment went completely unrecognized. For this reason, we continued to tryout these deadly war tools without any major concern for our future. To be sure, it is understandable that in the race to produce the atomic bomb before Hitler, such considerations would come second. What is surprising is that this negligence should persist for 50 years thereafter, in spite of the growing awareness of the threats that technology and nuclear weapons production can pose. Even the challenge of cleaning up the results of four decades of nuclear weapons production from testing should be vast enough to tell us that testing must absolutely come to a complete stop around the world. Incredible resources will be needed to dispose of 2,700 tons of spent fuel, 10,500 hazardous substances, and 100 million gallons of high-level waste; to clean up 2.3 million acres of land; and to remediate 120 million square feet of buildings on 120 sites (Day 40-41). Four major tasks can be identified: to stabilize and maintain a large number of nuclear materials and facilities; to design, build, and operate a variety of treatment facilities to prepare waste for disposal and provide safe interim storage; to manage large amounts and varieties of wastes; and to work towards environmental restoration (Mosman 13). But nuclear weapons testing has had different effects all over the world. And the "not-in-my-backyard syndrome" has come to voice opinions everywhere.-- Nobo... ... Pie Chart Below : (Source : Mollison A/08) References Day Jr., Samuel. "The big lie.," Vol. 57, Progressive, 1 Jun 1993, pp. 40. Johnson, Douglas. "Atolls and atom bombs: France's colonial design.," Vol. 45, History Today, 1 Dec 1995, pp. 8. Mollison, Andrew. "Focus on Nuclear Testing." The Atlanta Constitution, 16 Aug 1995, pp. A/08. Mosman, Jan. "Ban nuclear tests.," Vol. 339, Economist, 4 May 1996, pp. 13. Ruben, Barbara, "How to really bomb a test.," Vol. 24, Environmental Action, 1 Jan 1993, pp. 8. Schull, William J. Effects of Atomic Radiation. (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995). Sternberg, Steve. "From war's holocaust, new radiation findings," The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 20 Mar 1993, pp. F/01. Yamazaki, James N. Children of the Atomic Bomb. (Duke University Press, 1995). Nuclear Weopons testing Essay -- essays research papers In their effort to create a bomb that would assure destruction of enemies, the world super powers of this century have created a legacy that could presumably destroy the entire world as we know it (Schull 6). During the course of the last fifty years, nuclear weapons have continually become an increasingly detrimental threat to our own health and environment. Consequently, laws have been proposed and bills have been signed to end this senseless build-up of arsenal and testing of havoc-causing atomic was instruments. Unfortunately, enforcing such rules worldwide has proven itself to be remarkably difficult and world allies have had to use extreme caution when dealing with any and all emerging threats. In the early days of nuclear weapons production, of course, not all safety hazards were fully appreciated,and possible threats to the environment went completely unrecognized. For this reason, we continued to tryout these deadly war tools without any major concern for our future. To be sure, it is understandable that in the race to produce the atomic bomb before Hitler, such considerations would come second. What is surprising is that this negligence should persist for 50 years thereafter, in spite of the growing awareness of the threats that technology and nuclear weapons production can pose. Even the challenge of cleaning up the results of four decades of nuclear weapons production from testing should be vast enough to tell us that testing must absolutely come to a complete stop around the world. Incredible resources will be needed to dispose of 2,700 tons of spent fuel, 10,500 hazardous substances, and 100 million gallons of high-level waste; to clean up 2.3 million acres of land; and to remediate 120 million square feet of buildings on 120 sites (Day 40-41). Four major tasks can be identified: to stabilize and maintain a large number of nuclear materials and facilities; to design, build, and operate a variety of treatment facilities to prepare waste for disposal and provide safe interim storage; to manage large amounts and varieties of wastes; and to work towards environmental restoration (Mosman 13). But nuclear weapons testing has had different effects all over the world. And the "not-in-my-backyard syndrome" has come to voice opinions everywhere.-- Nobo... ... Pie Chart Below : (Source : Mollison A/08) References Day Jr., Samuel. "The big lie.," Vol. 57, Progressive, 1 Jun 1993, pp. 40. Johnson, Douglas. "Atolls and atom bombs: France's colonial design.," Vol. 45, History Today, 1 Dec 1995, pp. 8. Mollison, Andrew. "Focus on Nuclear Testing." The Atlanta Constitution, 16 Aug 1995, pp. A/08. Mosman, Jan. "Ban nuclear tests.," Vol. 339, Economist, 4 May 1996, pp. 13. Ruben, Barbara, "How to really bomb a test.," Vol. 24, Environmental Action, 1 Jan 1993, pp. 8. Schull, William J. Effects of Atomic Radiation. (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995). Sternberg, Steve. "From war's holocaust, new radiation findings," The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 20 Mar 1993, pp. F/01. Yamazaki, James N. Children of the Atomic Bomb. (Duke University Press, 1995).

An Analysis of Mother and I, Walking by Lorna Crozier

Known for her sensibility as a poet and as a writer, Lorna Crozier's Mother and I, Walking presents a touching story of a little girl's torment with the absence of her father but is consoled by the presence and love of her mother. Essentially, Mother and I, Walking argues the need of children to be loved by their parents and that the absence of one (in this case, the father) needs to be compensated by the devotion and greater love given by the parent who is there for the child (in this case, the mother). The sense of belongingness and security versus the isolation and the coldness experienced by the child in the story shows how Crozier views the psychological struggle of having only one parent during a child’s developmental years. Consisting of four unequal stanza of free verse poetry, Mother and I, Walking true to its title talks about a little girl traveling with her mother one cold night and reflecting on the absence of father leaving her tormented. Similar to the childhood of Crozier who had an alcoholic and absentee father, the little girl is besieged by the need and melancholy of her father’s absence seeping through her heart but is warmth by the realization that her mother is beside her walking side by side- seeing her through. The absence of a father image through the pronouncements of the little girl through the statement â€Å"father is gone again† (I, 1) and â€Å"everyone is inside† the first stanza shows how the little girl perceives the differences of having a father. With a father, the girl and her mother could have been inside their home just like â€Å"everyone is inside† (II, 3). At this early stage, the girl already knows the role that father plays in their lives: if the father is with them, they would not have been walking in the empty streets and instead, she and her mother could have been tucked inside their homes. However, the absence of the father forces them to stay in the street in the coldness of the night possibly coming from work. This pictures the longing and the melancholy of the girl- unlike other families, she is left with her mother needs to provide for her food and shelter and at the same time take care of her. The emotional emptiness of the girl is further explored in the second stanza with words like â€Å"the cold cries† (II, 6) indicating the coldness she is feeling within her heart. Apparently, the little girl is aware of the differences between having a father and not having one. Curiously, she wonders what could have changed if her father is there. However, despite the longing for a father, the little girl is very much aware of her mother's love. While she feels vulnerable by the â€Å"push(ing)† and pull(ing)† she is experiencing, the little girl realizes that she is powerless to change her fate. However, the pulling of her mother's coat and belly does not only warms her but also compensates for the lack of father's love. What is shown in the last stanza is the realization of the little girl, the warmth of her mother's belly demonstrates the ample love that her mother bestows upon her. With the security she has felt the little girl begins to see the brighter side of things: she looks at their path and she sees â€Å"tracks of one animal† (1, 17) indicating that as long as they are one and together, they can thread through more cold nights walking. The cold and in essence, the absence of the father no longer bothers the little girl. Finding comfort in the love of her mother, the little girl realizes that there is no need for her to look for other things, when all that she needs is beside her. Ultimately, what Mother and I, Walking shows is an unusual bond and the security provided by a mother's love to young girl's mind and heart. From the wordings of Crozier, we know that this memory will last and will mold the little girl on what she would become in the future. Reference Crozier, Lorna. â€Å"Mother and I, Walking.† Angels of Flesh, Angels of Silence Toronto:  Ã‚  Ã‚   McClelland and Stewart, 1988.               

How To Write More When You Dont Have Time

How To Write More When You Dont Have Time In our Better Blogger Survey, we found out two things about (most) of you: 86% of you plan to publish more content than you have been. 75% of you are on  a team of only two people or are blogging solo. Nathan suggested that I talk a bit more about this topic, partially because of the fact that I work as a solo blogger and write about 6,000 to 10,000 words each week, and also because you and I have similar goals (yep, I took that same survey and can vouch for these two concern points). Usually, I’ll push the idea that if you can’t handle more, you can’t do more. But for the go-getters out there who are insisting that you are going to write more  no matter what, here’s the ugly truth: Self-discipline and work lie ahead, not gimmicks or hacks. How To #Write More With Your Small Team via @JulieNeidlinger And, to get things off to a great start, let’s talk about distractions. Control The Distractions To Write More I’ve talked about distraction-free writing  in terms of the writing space itself, and how the visual distractions of the app you write in might hamper your writing efforts. Nothing derails my ability to write more, though, than the fact that I can check Facebook, my phone, Twitter, and every other non-work â€Å"information† source under the sun to avoid the work of writing. I blame my browser’s URL recognition and the fact that I can start typing â€Å"facebook† with just my left hand for sending me over there so much. It’s as if my hand starts typing â€Å"face† on its own at this point. Recommended Reading:  How To Improve Your Personal Productivity As You Blog These technology and computer-based distractions are a struggle to deal with, but there are some technological based solutions you  can use (e.g. Chrome plugins that limit time on social media, or a browser that locks you out of websites you’ve deemed distracting during work hours). But there are other distractions that have nothing to do with technology. I write at home, and since we’ve been having wonderful warm fall weather lately, I like to open up the windows for fresh air. The distraction? A neighbor who leaves the dog out all day while he is at work, leaving the neighborhood with incessant barking and howling the entire day. If you’re like me, once you hear a noise and really notice it, it’s all you hear. That white noise machine works great for putting you to sleep at night, for example, until one night you hear the loop and from that point on, all you can hear is the loop. So with Mr. McBarky in the neighborhood, I find I have to write elsewhere (basement, coffee shops, library) or keep the windows closed. If not, I inevitably end up enraged on a ridiculous level, calling animal control to report the dog. Control your #distractions to #write more content, grow your blog, and increase your impact.So what to do about the distractions that keep you from writing  more content and hitting your blog schedule goals? 1. Identify your distractions. Distractions can be digital, they can be audible, they can be hunger, they can be coworkers, they can be disinterest, they can be emotional- anything that sends your thought off track. Before you can defeat them, you have to be able to identify them. What am I doing when I realize I’m not writing? If you sat down to write and suddenly realize you aren’t, diagnose what happened. Write down what distracted you, and where you ended up. Write down what time of day it was, and the setting (where you were) when it took place. Note why you think you were distracted. 2. Find the distraction pattern. Distraction patterns often follow typical paths. We can focus better in the morning  (especially as you get older), while we almost look for distraction later in the afternoon. We can focus better if we haven’t been sitting still in the same place too long. We get sleepy after a big meal. Look at those moments of distraction that keep popping up. Can you see a pattern? Was it because you were bored, tired, or had just eaten lunch? Try to figure out when and why you are the most distracted, and see if you can plan your writing  to happen when you are least distracted. This is tricky in a team; the plans and meetings of others are inevitably going to force you into distraction zones. This is a valid topic of discussion with your team regarding the scheduling of meetings and other distractions versus the goal of writing  more content. Find your distraction paths to change your perspective productively. #writingYou may find one key reason for â€Å"distraction† is procrastination. Procrastination is its own beast, that horrible trap when you put off doing something you don’t want to do as long as you can. It’s certainly not a part of writing more content, though I could very well be a card-carrying member of Procrastinator’s Anonymous. I’ve mentioned before how you can work with your procrastinating tendencies and still produce, and I stand by the idea that you can work with it as well as overcome it to some extent. Procrastination is often at the heart of most distractions; we go looking for something else to do. We actively want  to be distracted. It’s the toughest one to deal with, and takes the most willpower. 3. Build on useful distractions. When I am trying to read something difficult that I know is good for me, I find my mind wandering. I will miraculously remember a million valid things I need to remember doing, things I don’t seem to recall unless I’m otherwise trying to harness my attention to something difficult. Keep a piece of paper handy and write down those to-dos, those â€Å"oh yeah† moments so that you can get it out of your mind and can get on with the main thing at hand. Otherwise, they just sit there and fester and make it impossible for you to get your writing done. How To Turn Negative Distractions Into Something Useful #bloggingAnd heck, you’ll probably end up with a fine task list when you’re done. Might as well capitalize on the inevitable distraction and turn them from something negative into something useful. 4. Kill useless distractions. Here’s where the meat of the whole â€Å"control your distractions† approach takes effect, and it won’t be fun or pretty. It’s going to hurt. I mean, if we are people who are checking our  mobile phones nearly once every six waking minutes of the day, we are clearly addicted to distractions. We give lip service to our disgust with experiencing distractions while we secretly crave any chance to be interrupted from work. So... Mobile phone.  Turn off your phone completely so there are no dings and vibrations. Or, turn off all app notifications. Or go into a room away from your mobile phone. Offline. Write with pen and paper, or even a typewriter (for reals, not ironically), so that you aren’t tempted to venture down any Internet rabbit hole. If you need the Internet to do research, write the outline  and basic post structure offline first. You can write in Google Docs offline, so turn off your Internet connection and use that feature. Get a door.  Find a quiet place that has a door and let your team members know (or your family, or your kids) that you cannot be interrupted until a set time. Get a clock placard and hang on the door with a note about interruptions if you have to. Limit messages. Forbid yourself from checking email more than three times a day. Two is even better. The same for social media that you use for messaging. Unless you are the social media manager or it's part of your planned  social media engagement program, get off of it. This is why planning is important for all content creation, including social media. Without planning, you sort of find yourself on Twitter, all the time. Whoops. Dominate your stomach. Have water nearby, before you write, unless you plan to break at regular intervals to walk and get water. But don’t eat too much before you prepare to do your most arduous content creation. Eating makes you sleepy. A little hunger pang during your writing isn’t going to kill you; it might sharpen your senses a bit. While fatigue can improve some aspects of creativity (because it wears down barriers you erect in your mind), writing a coherent blog post while drowsy doesn’t work. If you get great ideas while you’re sleepy, fine. Do the writing of those ideas while you’re sharp and awake. Rethink your hunger. No more â€Å"I think I need a snack† excuses. Most of the coffee consumed in offices is likely out of boredom. You just want to get up and away from your desk. Set a timer. Sometimes, I find it really helpful to inject a level of fake â€Å"stress† by setting a timer and saying, for example, that I have 1 hour to get a post written. Granted, I’ll have to clean it up and such, but it really turns the focus on when you’re racing against the clock. You produce. You can clean it up later. Move around.  Get up and away from your desk. Go for a walk before you sit down to do any major writing. If you’re one of the frozen chosen like we are up here in North Dakota and it’s too cold out, find a stairwell and go up and down a few flights to get the blood pumping. Procrastination problems. Admit you’re a procrastinator, and start working on the self-discipline to do the hard stuff first. That alone will decrease your distractions because you’ve removed the biggest contributor to the category of Distractions You Can Control. Tidy up.  Get junk and clutter off of your desk and workspace. No noises. No, you cannot do a good job writing with the TV going or music blaring. I know some people swear that they can’t write without music blaring through their earbuds, but I really doubt it. Perhaps there are some scenarios or rare situations, but generally, having the words of others wafting through the brain isn’t going to help you write a blog post. And sitting down in front of the TV in the evening with your laptop with the idea that you’ll write and watch Netflix at the same time? Liar. It will only take longer than if you did it without the background noise. If your team is serious about writing more content  and also realizes that distractions are a serious issue, you will need to essentially create a â€Å"clean room†, a place where distractions cannot be found. No phones, no noises, a door- whatever you’ve determined is derailing your writing  efforts. Stop Being An Island John Donne  said that no man was an island, and the same can be said for your team. There are other people out there who can help you write  more content through things like guest posts and interviews. It’s just a guess, but when most content marketers (particularly solo marketers) start thinking about the overwhelming state of writing more content, they are thinking as islanders. They are thinking it’s all on them. They are thinking that each piece of content is brand new, from scratch, all on their lonesome. A couple of truths about writing  content that can help get you off the island: There are great guest writers  out there. Find them on the blogs you already enjoy reading. Find them in the comments section. Ask them if they’d like to write for you. Please remember to reuse your content. Content curation  is a valid part of â€Å"your† content plan. Most ideas are derivative. You don’t always have to come up with new ideas every day. You can expound or rework your own, or other’s, ideas. In other words, you can include other people's content in your efforts to â€Å"write† more content, even if you didn’t exactly create the content. The big trap for you comes when you view writing  as starting fresh and new each day. You think you’re running a race on your own when you’re actually running a relay and passing off the baton. Writing is like running a relay and passing the baton. You're not alone. #bloggingThe overlap between growth and quantity. It’s not that you don’t already know those things in that list; we’ve talked about them a lot here on this blog. But I think it’s easy to think of them in terms of â€Å"these are growth hacks† and forget that they are also a part the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"writing more content† set. More content often leads to more growth, but if you step back and see it not just as part of your plan to grow but also part of how you’ll simply go about increasing your content output, it might help you approach these ideas better. Growth tends to be numbers we measure after something has occurred. Writing  a larger quantity of content is something that has to simply happen right now. So, if you have a list of things to do to grow your brand, and you have a different list of things to do to write  more content, and those lists don’t have these similarities, you need to rethink your approach. A Lack Of Resources Perhaps the stumbling block for writing more content  is that you lack resources. These might include: Time Ability Knowledge Money Well, that’s really all of it, isn’t it? Any kind of blogging resource falls into one of those biggies. I can’t conjure up more time for you, though I can talk to you about using it more wisely and defeating procrastination. I can also suggest a couple of things that might be consuming the limited amount of time and resources that you have. If you don’t have time to write long, long blog posts, don’t write them. Ideal blog post length  is really quite arguable. Different bloggers swear by different post lengths. Fresh and frequent content happens easier with shorter posts if you are short on time and blogging solo. You may love Blog X’s layout and gadgetry, and the success they’ve touted from using them, but if you don’t know how to create and/or maintain such things, why are you wasting so much time chasing it down for your own site? Just create good content and forget the bells and whistles for now. You may not know as much as the rest in your niche. So capitalize on that from two directions: Learn by reading the experts, and create content for your own audience based around what you found and learned from the experts. Eventually, you’ll gain the knowledge yourself. In the meantime, you write  more content and you bring your audience along for the education ride. You may wish to be the Oracle Of Your Niche, but it’s probably not going to happen. If you don’t have the time to search down 10 white papers for research for one post, find one really good piece of information and set your plan to create three pieces of content from the one. When tallying up what resources you think you need as you create your content marketing plan, list resources you actually have instead of resources others have that you want. You can still make great stuff with fewer resources. Remember, necessity is the mother of invention. The key to writing more content  from a small amount of input is to be creative with what you have, not what you think you should have.

Was European War inevitable in 1939 essays

Was European War inevitable in 1939 essays Was European War inevitable in 1939? In order to answer that question, one must consider the causes of the war and the circumstances that led to the tremendous success of the Nationalist-Socialist party in the first place. Also, had Hitler planned a European War or at least considered it? Facts are that after the treaty of Versailles Germany was left with the sole war guilt, with hardly any military forces and with a great loss of territory in Eastern Europe. In the public mind the harsh terms of the treaty of Versailles and the hard economics of the Great Depression seem to be two standard explanations. For almost a decade Germany was excluded from the international community. It did not join the League of Nations until 1926 or participate in the Olympics until 1928. The German inflation was devastating due to reckless wartime borrowing and fiscally disastrous post-war expenditures. Long-term unemployment was affecting blue-collar workers as well as white-collar workers, men, women and children were malnourished and many lost their confidence in the government. Between 1928 and 1932 suicide rates increased 14 percent for men, 19 percent for women . But not only had the economic troubles supported Hitlers rise, as inflation is far too facile an explanation . These factors, however, are the foundation on which building up a dictatorship was enabled. Was the European War inevitable? Had Hitler shown more modesty concerning his imperial goals and less eagerness for war in his politics, of course the war could have been prevented. If Great Britain had not pursued its appeasement policy and the United States of America had acted less isolationistic it could have been prevented too, or at least brought to a halt at a very early stage. The problem with these assumptions is that they are unhistorical by their nature, as Hitler would not have been himself without his longing for expansion, Great Britain without its appeasement s...

10-1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

10-1 - Case Study Example Legally, Mark Levitt should have been informed transparently about the reason for his removal. His removal from the position by three members of the company indicates that they were driven by self interest rather than the betterment of the company in the long term. Additionally no fiduciary duties towards the LLC were violated since being a manager also entails management of all company assets; unless Mark Levitt intended to sell off the real estate for personal interests over the company interests (Fitzpatrick, 2014). The company should have had confidence in Mark Levitt for managing the real estate for the best interest of the company. Yet there are still loopholes in the case and additional information is required in order to proceed with the case. Firstly, the previous manager’s purpose and motive behind selling off the real estate property. Secondly, the clear reasons for Mark Levitt’s removal from his position. Further information regarding the ownership of the property is needed to clarify the position of Lauren Bivins. Full information needs to be known as to the reason for Mark Levitt’s decision to sell of the company’s main real estate in order to be visualize the whole

The Goldman Sachs Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Goldman Sachs Group - Essay Example The company has expanded to many nations in the world whereby it has opened branches in over 30 countries, that include offices in financial centers in the world, such as United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan (New York Times web). Goldman Sach Company, in 2012 bought all the shares belonging to Ariel Reinsurance  that were held by Ariel Holdings Ltd. in addition, in the same year financial period, the company also purchased Dwight Asset Management, a financial firm, from the british based Old Mutual Asset Management. The financial report released by the Goldman Sachs company in april 2012 had good resorts that beat the market analysts’ expectations. the report reflected improved performance in the equity fairs. However, the quarterly profits for the year 2012 was $2.1 billion $0.64billion lower than the previous year’s same period financial report. However, the earnings per share increased by $3.92 which was an improvement from the previous year’s financial earnings per share of $3.55. This was also the same figure that the financial analysts had predicted. However, the company’s revenue fell to $9.95 billion as compared to a year ago where the revenue was $11.89 billion (New Yor k Times web). Goldman Sachs Company reported a $1.56 per share increase in the first quarter of the same year. the company went ahead and paid a bailout it received from Mr Warren E. Buffet, in the financial crisis era who was then granted preference shares in the corporation. The board of governors of the company voted unanimously in the first quarterly to increase the dividend on the common stock to approximately 46 cents in every share held, an increase from the previous quarter’s dividend of 35 cents per share. The company’s financial results were at an all-time high as compared to the last four quarters, but it was down across the board as compared to the last to the previous year. the company however

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Middle Range Theory Application Research Paper

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Middle Range Theory Application - Research Paper Example The tasks of caring and the promotion of human dignity are the central philosophies on which Swanson’s theory of caring is anchored. Swanson’s theory expands the aspect of nursing beyond the mechanics of professional processes between the caregiver and the patient to incorporate higher levels of commitment and responsibility on the part of the nurse. The caring theory entails a marked departure from conventional and traditional theories such as the medical model, the Nightingale model, and other theories that place the process of nursing within the province of professionalism. This theory acquires its relevance from the fact that it involves fewer concepts. The theory is also considered as user-friendly in the sense that it involves adaptable concepts. The adaptability of its concepts are essentially important in the task of maintaining some substantive approaches towards the management of multiple health challenges. This theory shifts the focus of nursing from the casual skills of the caregiver to the personality, character, and resolve of the individual nurse. The theory of caring promotes a special kind of relationship between the client and the nurse in a way that unites the entire healing process into a meaningful whole. This theory is based on specific aspects of healing that require some inner connection of processes that provide the healing force to the client. This theory distinguishes itself from other theories of nursing in the sense that it infuses some element of behaviorism.... This theory distinguishes itself from other theories of nursing in the sense that it infuses some element of behaviorism within the entire discourse of nursing. The relationship between the nurse and the client is revised to one that captures some aspect of utilitarian kinship between the two. Notably, this theory invents new concepts to incorporate into the aspect of healing. The theory invents the essence of the environment as a complex and fluid environment that determines, to a significant degree, the levels of success in the nursing process. The environment, as defined in this theory, is not limited to the physical essence of the term. The environment, according to Swanson, is situational. It could vary from the definition of an individual to a community. Furthermore, the meaning of the environment could be altered to capture the body of the client as it relates to other parts of the same. On this note, this theory sought to situate the meaning of environment from the convention al sense of the term in order to give broader meaning to the element of value nursing practices. The environment, as understood within this definition, has the potential to affect and be affected by the client. The complexities of nursing are explored as consequences of the interaction between the environment and the nursing process. The processes that determine the nature of professionalism between the nurse and the client must take place in a supportive environment that provides the synergies that operationalize the various aspects of the process. Swanson’s theory lays emphasis on the aspect of informed nursing. In the theory of caring, it is important for

Plato, Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Plato, Machiavelli Essay Machiavelli says the prince only has to seem good, not be good. Plato insists that seeming is bad, being is good. Nicolo Machiavelli is known as being an realist who accepted that fact that humans are brutal, selfish, and fickle while Plato was an idealist who believed people could be ruled by a philosopher king who ruled over the warriors and tradesmen of his ideal republic with rationality. In his view the philosopher-king was in charge of making the state a utopia in that everyone had his/her place and all worked together for the common good of the state. Machiavelli said that this was a foolish idea. Machiavelli philosophy of government was centered on the ruler. He believed the king, or despot, had the right to do whatever was necessary for his own gain, or whatever the monarch considered the good of the state which he called Virtu’. Machiavelli believed the only purpose for a ruler was to make war, and protect its citizens from attacks by other states. He advocated the slaughter of surrendered generals in order to crush hopes of revolution even rationalizing that it was worth the risk of revolution should it anger the people. Machiavelli believed a ruler should be immoral using deception and illusion for power and never allowing the people to know the â€Å"real† him In Machiavellis time, as it is today, the States whole reason for being was to serve the citizens. The ruler, therefore, is justified in doing whatever is necessary to maintain the country or state, even if it is unjust. In Platos time, man served the state. According to the viewed that ethics and politics are the same, or at least co-terminous. There was no distinction between private life and public life, as there is today. Plato argues a ruler can never be unjust. Plato argues against this type of ruler, who rules solely by might. Plato tries to prove that it is always better to be just than unjust , claiming that there is a strong connection between justice , personal happiness and the well being of the state. Machiavelli underlines the fact that moral principles are not necessarily connected with the efficiency of the act of ruling . If the principles of morality and justice need to be broken in for the state to be prosperous , than this is how things should be done. In the end, Plato and Machiavelli lived very different lives, contributing to their differing thoughts on the world. Plato grew up in the upper aristocratic class but was adopted by Socrates. As he followed Socrates, he learned all he would need for his later life as a philosopher when he essentially wandered around Greece without pay. In this way he was untouched by wealths corruption. Machiavelli, on the other hand, grew up in a wealthy Italian home and lived well supplied for by his patrons. The wealth that he was accustomed to was the main cause for his philosophy centered around personal gain.

Red Bull Energy Drink Essay -- Business Marketing Case Study, solution

Red Bull is an energy drink that doesn’t do well in taste tests. Some say it’s too sweet. Others just shake their heads, saying, â€Å"No.† Its contents are not patented, and all the ingredients are listed on the outside of the slim silver can. Yet Red Bull has a 70 to 90 percent market share in over 100 countries worldwide. During the past 15 years, the drink has been copied by more than 100 competitors, but such companies as Coca-Cola and Anheuser-Busch have been unable to take market share away from Red Bull. Says Red Bull founder Dietrich Mateschitz, â€Å"If we don’t create the market, it doesn’t exist.† Mateschitz’s secret to creating a $1.6 billion worldwide stampede for Red Bull lies in a highly ingenious â€Å"buzz-marketing† strategy that herds consumers to exclusive and exciting events that get high media coverage. Red Bull supports close to 500 world-class extreme sports athletes that compete in spectacular and often record-breaking events across the globe. Mateschitz explains, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the consumer, we bring consumers to the product.† Today Red Bull is a powerful global brand and very few customers know the story of the highly talented, creative and determined salesman, publicity-shy Dietrich Mateschitz. Tiny Austria’s only billionaire, Mateschitz located his office in the quaint lakeside village of Fuschl, near Salzburg, Austria. His architect is currently building a new office building in the shape of two volcanoes. His collection of 16 airplanes is located in a steel and glass hangar, which serves as an aviation museum and the home of the Flying Bulls at Salzburg Airport. He tries to keep it down to working three days a week. He likes to keep things simple. The size of his headquarter staff is only 200. Mateschitz farms out the production and distribution of the 1.5 billion cans sold worldwide. The total number of employees worldwide is only 1,800, which brings the sales volume per employee close to a million dollars. Mateschitz not only generates brilliant sales and marketing ideas, he is equally talent ed in the execution of the biggest and boldest business ideas. His latest project involves a $1 billion motor sport and aviation theme park in Styria, Austria. Dietrich Mateschitz founded the Red Bull company. According to company legend, the idea for Red Bull came about as Mateschitz sat at a Hong Kong hotel bar in 1982... ...key to remaining market leader in the energy-drinks business. Last year, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Anheuser-Busch, an American brewer, each launched an energy drink, attempting to get a slice of the market in which Red Bull currently has a 70-90% share. Mr Mateschitz is not worried. â€Å"The market isn't generic; it doesn't exist if we don't create it. It's a branded market,† he says. Keeping cool Mr Mateschitz now plans to spend two days a week coming up with wacky ideas to promote Red Bull. Already, the company sponsors an annual Flugtag, when contestants build their own flying-machines and leap off a parapet into water, true to the Red Bull slogan: â€Å"It gives you wings†. His latest project is to build a huge glass hangar at Salzburg airport to house his collection of ancient aircraft, including a DC-6 that once belonged to Marshal Tito, and to host airshows.  £Ã‚ £ That will change. â€Å"We have to go for diversification and acquisitions, and we are investing lots in R&D. We already have concepts and brand formulations for five years' time,† says Mr Mateschitz. But if Red Bull becomes a sort of Austrian Coca-Cola, that carefully cultivated ethos will vanish like bubbles in the brew.

The Meaning And Definition Of Bpr Information Technology Essay

Business procedure reengineering, as a term and as a pattern, has a tarnished history. Reengineering become really popular in the early 1990 ‘s, nevertheless, the methodological analysis and attack was non to the full understood nor apprehended. Many times, betterment undertakings labeled with the rubric â€Å" BPR † were ill planned and executed. Employees and organisations cringed at the idea of another â€Å" BPR † experience. The term itself is being used less, or is being altered so that these types of enterprises are non associated with the â€Å" BPR † of the yesteryear. Despite this maltreatment of the pattern and tarnished name, the pattern of redesigning concern procedures and the associated engineering and organisational construction is more popular today than of all time. Companies continue to review and basically alter the manner they do concern. Competitive force per unit area and a sulky economic system provide the effectual tool for organisations endeavoring to run as efficaciously and expeditiously as possible.Learning aim:The chief of fixing and showing this study is to understand about the construct what concern procedure technology is, and how it benefited the companies in decrease on procedure clip and costs. Another aim is to measure how concern procedure reengineering enhances the capablenesss and working capacities of companies. This survey will besides affect the survey of those factors that companies use to develop concern procedure reengineering a more profitable one.Meaning and definition of BPR:Business procedure reengineering i s the redesign of concern procedures and the associated systems and organisational constructions to accomplish a dramatic betterment in concern public presentation. The concern grounds for doing such alterations could include hapless fiscal public presentation, external competition, and eroding of market portion of emerging market chances. BPR is non downsizing, restructuring, reorganisation, mechanization, new engineering, etc. It is the scrutiny and alteration of five constituent of the concern: Scheme, processes, engineering, organisation, and civilization. Michael Hammer defines concern procedure reengineering in his book Reengineering the Corporation as:â€Å" Cardinal rethinking and extremist redesign of concern procedures to convey about dramatic betterments in public presentation. †Davenport defines BPR as: â€Å" The analysis and design of work flows and procedures within and between organisations ‘ ( Davenport & A ; Short 1990 ) Teng et Al. ( 1994 ) , define BPR as:â€Å" The critical analysis and extremist redesign of bing concern procedures to accomplish discovery betterments in public presentation steps. †Hammer focuses on one of the cardinal constructs of BPR, that it is cardinal and extremist. The alternate concern betterment methodological analysis is Continuous procedure Improvement ( CPI ) , which emphasizes little and mensurable polishs to an organisation ‘s current procedures and systems. CPI has its beginnings in entire quality direction ( TQM ) and Six Sigma, a plan that began at Motorola.BPR and some MythsThe popular direction literature has created more myth than practical methodological analysis reengineering. The construct of BPR has been with us since about 1990, nevertheless it is widely misunderstood and has been equated to downsizing, client/server computer science, quality, ABC, and several other direction panaceas of the past several old ages. Based on interviews and conver sations with more than 20 companies, and 35 reengineering enterprises, Davenport & A ; studded ( 1990 ) place seven reengineering myths: The myth of Reengineering freshness: reengineering, although about familiar constructs, is new in that these constructs are combined in a new synthesis. These cardinal constituents have ne'er been together earlier. The myth of the clean slate: regardless of cock ‘s ( 1990 ) exhortation â€Å" Do n't automatize, obliterate! † Clean slate alteration is seldom found in pattern. Or, as Davenport and Stoddard ( 1994 ) province: A â€Å" clean sheet of paper † used in design normally requires a â€Å" clean cheque † for execution is done over several phased undertakings. Besides supported by preliminary findings of Stoddard and Jarvenpaa 1995 their findings ran contrary to Hammer ( 1990 ) â€Å" although reengineering can present extremist Furthermore, a radical alteration procedure might non be executable given the hazard and cost of radical tactics, † The Myth of IS Leadership: In contrast to the much touted leading function, IS is by and large viewed as a spouse within a cross-functional squad that is by and large headed by a non-IS undertaking leader and a non-IS concern patron who have better control over the procedures that are being redesigned. The Myth of Top-Down Design: The execution and executing of the redesigned procedures depends upon those who do the work. Hence, the engagement, and more significantly, credence and ownership/at the grass roots degree is indispensable for successful BPR. The Myth of Reengineering VS transmutation: BPR is a procedure that contributes to organisational transmutation ( OT ) ; nevertheless it is non synonymous with transmutation. OT is defined as, â€Å" Profound, cardinal alterations in idea and action, which create an irreversible discontinuity in the experience of a system: ( Adams 1984 ) . OT is defined as, â€Å" Profound, cardinal alterations in idea and needfully involves reframing, which is a discontinuous alteration in the Organization ‘s or group ‘s shared significance or civilization. It besides involves wide alterations in other organisational dimensions besides the work processes such as organisational construction, scheme, and concern capablenesss. The Myth of Engineering ‘s Permanence: Davenport and Stoddard ( 1994 ) speculate that reengineering has peaked in the US in 1994 and would likely go incorporate with much broader organisational phenomena such as another synthesis of thoughts that includes the percepts of reengineering: its integrating into bing alteration methods: or its combination with quality and other process-oriented betterment attacks into an incorporate procedure direction Approach.BPR and TQMTeng et Al. ( 1994 ) note that in recent old ages, increased attending to concern procedures is mostly due to TQM ( entire Quality motion ) . They conclude that conclude that TQM and BPR portion a cross-functional orientation. Davenport observed that quality specializer tend to concentrate on incremental alteration and gradual betterment of procedures, while advocates of reengineering frequently seek extremist redesign and drastic betterment of procedures. Davenport ( 1993 ) notes that quality Management, frequently referred to as entire quality direction ( TQM ) or uninterrupted betterment, refers to plans and enterprises that emphasize design or procedure invention, refers to discrete enterprises that are intended to accomplish radically redesigned and improved work processes in a delimited clip frame.Relation between BPR and Information TechnologyHammer ( 1990 ) considers it as the cardinal enabler of BPR which he considers as â€Å" extremist alteration. † He prescribes the usage of IT to dispute the premise inherent in the work processes that have existed since long before the coming of modern computing machine and communications engineering. He argues that at the bosom of reengineering is the impression of â€Å" discontinuous thought or recognizing and interrupting off from the outdated regulations and cardinal premises underlying operationsaˆÂ ¦ these regulations of work design are based on premises about engineeri ng, people, and organisational ends that no longer keep, † He suggests the following â€Å" rules of reengineering ‘ : Form around results, non undertakings: Have those who use the end product of the procedure execute the procedure: Subsume information processing work into the existent work that produces the information ; Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized ; Link parallel activities alternatively of incorporating their consequences ; Put the determination point where the work is performed, and construct control into the procedure ; and Capture information one time and at the beginning. Davenport and Short ( 1990 ) argue that BPR requires taking a broader position of both IT and concern activity, and of the relationships between them. IT should be viewed as more than an mechanization or mechanising force to basically reshape the manner concern is done. Business activities should be viewed as more than a aggregation of single or even functional undertakings in a procedure position for maximising effectivity. IT and BPR have recursive relationship. IT capabilities should back up concern procedures, and concern procedures should be in footings of the capablenesss IT can supply. Davenport and Short ( 1990 ) refer to this broadened, recursive position of IT and BPR as the â€Å" new industrial technology † . Business processes represent a new attack to coordination across the house ; IT ‘s promise and its ultimate impact is to be the most powerful tool for cut downing the costs of coordination ( Davenport and Short 1990 ) . Davenport and Short ( 1990 ) outline the undermentioned capablenesss that reflect the functions that IT can play in BPR Transactional, Geographical, Automatical, Informational, Sequential, cognition Management, Tracking, and Disintermediation. Teng et Al. ( 1994 ) argue that the manner related maps participate in a procedure the functional yoke of a procedure can be differentiated along two dimensions degree of mediation and grade of coaction. They define the: Degree of Mediation † of the procedure as the extent of consecutive flow of input and end product among take parting maps. They define the Degree of Collaboration of the procedure to the extent of information exchange and common accommodation among maps when take parting in the same procedure. In their model, information engineering is instrumental in cut downing the Degree of Mediation and heightening the Degree of Collaboration Besides, advanced utilizations of IT would inevitable take many houses to develop new, coordination-intensive constructions, enabling them to organize their activities in ways that were non possible earlier. Such coordination-intensive constructions may raise the organisation ‘s capablenesss and reactivity, taking to possible str ategic advantages. Participants represented a wide sampling of industry groups. Product development and fabrication, finance and banking and consulting were the three largest sectors, accounting for over one-third ( 37 % ) of participants. Over a one-fourth of the participants were team leaders. Approximately 56 % of participants were either a squad leader, or a team member or a adviser.What processes are marks for Reengineering?Customer service was once more the most often reengineered procedure, as it had been in 1997 and 1999, but by less of a border. Information ( computing machine ) services about doubled in frequence, traveling it from the fifth to the 2nd most targeted concern for reengineering.Why are they being targeted?In each study ( 1997, 1999, 2002 ) , the demand to cut down cost/expense was the most often cited concern driver for reengineering undertakings. In 2002, 65 % of participants stated that disbursal decrease was the primary driver. The other three concern drivers are: competitory force per unit area ; hapless client satisfaction ; and hapless quality of merchandises and services.Are BPR undertakings successful?Survey participants showed much higher overall expected betterments from their BPR undertakings in 2002 than in 1999 or 1997. Over half ( 54 % ) of participants expected betterments of over 30 % . In add-on to anticipating higher betterments, survey participants were more successful in their undertakings. About 113 survey participants were able to mensurate their undertaking against the initial aims that were set. Over 73 % met or exceeded their aims, with about half ( 47 % ) of survey participants run intoing their undertaking within 10 % .What are the most critical undertaking activities?Participants overpoweringly indicated that the planning phase where range and functions were set was the most of import stage in the undertaking. The most of import measure was the planning and design stage, which formed the basis and set mileposts for the undertaking. † Other stairss participants cited as critical to project success included a high degree reappraisal of the concern as usual or ‘as is ‘ province of the organisation ( although squads cautioned against passing excessively much clip with this activity ) and deriving support and ‘buy-in ‘ from top direction ( including edifice executive sponsorship ) . Over 75 % of participants were required to subject a concern instance that included the projected ROI for the undertaking to see support. The undertaking had to bring forth a significantly positive ROI and show consequences within a specified clip frame.How did squads pass their clip?About two-thirds of a typical undertaking clip was spent planning, planing and deriving blessing with lone one-third spent on development and execution of the solution.Are undertakings acquiring longer or shorter?Continuing the tendency of shorter undertakings from 1997 and 1999, the norm undertaking lasted 13.8 months in the 2002 survey. In 1999 undertakings lasted 14.5 months and in 1997 they lasted 19.7 months.What would teams make otherwise?The top activity that undertaking squads would make otherwise on the following undertaking was more effectual alteration direction. Study participants cited increased preparation in the countries of BPR, alteration direction, engineering and direction rules as the figure one activity they would make otherwise with their following undertaking.Why are certain squads successful?Participants cited a figure of factors that contributed to their squad ‘s success. The top three factors were: Team members demonstrated a dedication to the undertaking The squad had strong committedness and support from the top direction The squad shared a clear vision of the aims and ends and had a common focal point and apprehension of the undertaking ‘s success. The sum of clip that squad members are able to perpetrate to the undertaking ( full-time vs part-time ) is steadily diminishing from the degrees in 1997 and 1999. At the same clip, stud participants felt that a deficiency of focal point on the undertaking, caused by preoccupation with regular responsibilities, inhibited the squad ‘s success.Did utilizing advisers pay off?Teams used advisers for the undermentioned three grounds: To move as the squad leader or cardinal facilitator within the reengineering squad To supply and/or organize the preparation of squad members. To supply specific and elaborate IT or proficient systems advice and expertness. More than three-fourthss of companies that used advisers rated the advisers ‘ effectivity excellent or really good, and more than three-fourthss of organisations cited the advisers ‘ influence as critical or really critical to the undertaking ‘s success.Did utilizing alteration direction truly do a difference?Excellent or really good alteration direction plans straight correlated with squads that met or exceeded their overall undertaking aims. The top-three alteration direction activities were: Changeless and diverse communicating. Training of employees on the new procedure and systems to be used. Planing the passage and invariably re-evaluating short-run ends and marks. Communication was once more the most of import alteration direction activity listed by participants. Participants cited the usage of multiple communicating methods as the key to guaranting successful communicating. Electronic mails and web sites were successful in making the broad audience, but as the subject was driven deeper in the organisation, there was no replacement for face-to-face treatments.What can Exceed direction make to promote undertaking success?Reflecting the consequences from the 1999 study, squads whose undertakings were driven or to a great extent supported by top direction were more likely to finish their undertaking at or above outlooks. The biggest error made by senior directors or executive patrons was a failure to demo sufficient seeable engagement in the undertaking.â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ non remaining involved plenty after the initial stage, presuming that everyone in the organisation understood their vision and scheme. †An overpowering bulk of squads had senior directors or executive-level directors as their undertaking patrons, and most squads rated their patron effectivity as really good or first-class.What were the biggest obstructions?Participants cited a figure of obstructions during execution. Resistance to alter within the organisation was cited six times more frequently than any other obstruction. Resistance came in many signifiers, including organisational inactiveness, corporate civilization, front-line opposition and direction opposition. The most normally cited subscribers to implementation success were: Buy-in from upper direction, including an executive patron ; A clear apprehension of the concern issues and the BPR solution ; and Employee support and buy-in for the proposed solution.How long earlier undertakings show consequences?Survey participants reported a short sum of clip before they realized betterments. A sum of 70 % of participants realized betterments within six months of undertaking execution and merely 12 % of undertakings required over a twelvemonth before betterments were realized.What else does the 2002 study screen?A list of the most critical â€Å" must make † and â€Å" must non make † recommendations from undertaking reams and squad leaders The complete set of direction errors most normally made during major alteration undertakings A comprehensive usher to BPR methodological analysiss and activities used by squads An analysis of which concern procedures are the future marks for alteration by companies The functions of executive patrons ( what they can lend most ) Key success factors for undertaking execution Guidelines for choosing the most effectual undertaking squad Most of import start-up activities for new undertakings What squad would make otherwise on their following undertaking Charts and graphs demoing what benefits squads are accomplishingFuture way of BPROver the last few old ages, the reengineering construct has evolved from a â€Å" extremist alteration † to account for the contextual pragmatism ( Caron et. Al. , 1994, Earl 1994 ) , and to accommodate with more incremental procedure alteration methods such as TQM, towards a broader, yet more comprehensive procedure direction construct ( Davenport 1995 ) . Based upon a theoretical analysis and study of literature relevant to reengineering, Kettinger and Grover ( 1995 ) sketch some propositions to steer future enquiry into the phenomenon of BPR. Their propositions centre around the constructs of cognition direction, employee authorization, acceptance of new ITs, and a shared vision. Earl et al. , ( 1995 ) have proposed a â€Å" procedure alignment theoretical account † that comprises four lenses of enquiry – procedure, scheme, MIS, and alteration direction and control, and used it for developing an inductive taxonomy of BPR schemes. Malhotra ( 1996 ) has developed the cardinal accent on these issues based chiefly on an integrative synthesis of the recent literature from organisation theory, organisation control, scheme, and MIS. King ( 1994 ) believes that although the current faddism of BPR may stop, nevertheless, procedure reengineering, in some signifier or known by some other name ( californium: Davenport & A ; Stoddard 1994 ) would be of digesting importance.Decisions on Business procedure reengineering:Companies sought out methods for faster concern procedure betterments. Furthermore, companies want breakthrough public presentation alterations, non merely incremental alterations, and they want it now. Because the rate of alteration has increased for everyone, few concerns can afford a slow alteration procedure. One attack for rapid alteration and dramatic betterment that has emerged is concern procedure reengineering ( BPR ) . BPR relies on a different school of idea than uninterrupted procedure betterment. In the extreme, reengineering assumes the current procedure as irrelevant – it does n't work, it ‘s broken, bury it. Start over. Such a clean slate position enables the interior decorators of concern procedures to dissociate themselves from today ‘s procedure, and concentrate on a new procedure. In a mode of speech production, it is like projecting yourself into the hereafter and inquiring yourself – what should the procedure expression like? What do my clients want it to look like? What make other employees want it to look like? How make best-in-class companies do it? What might we be able to make with new engineering? In drumhead, the utmost contrast between uninterrupted procedure betterment and concern procedure reengineering prevarications in where you start, and with the magnitude and rate of ensuing alterations. Therefore it is hard to happen an exact matched BPR to a peculiar company ‘s demands, and the challenge is to cognize what method to utilize when and how to draw it off successful such that bottom-line concern consequences are achieved. Such are the subjects which have to be studied farther.